OK, when you have mounted the disk at /mountpoint, you can dump the first and last 64MiB of the sdx2 partitions to the disk. I'm not sure how big the metadata is, so let's just store enough:
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dd if=/dev/sda2 bs=1M count=64 | gzip >/mountpoint/sda2_start.gz
dd if=/dev/sda2 bs=1M skip=951820 | gzip >/mountpoint/sda2_end.gz
This will copy the first and last 64MB, compress it, and write it to usb disk. Well, according to my calculations it's actually 70MB of the end. If somebody sees a major miscalculation, please mention.
You can repeat that for the other 4 partitions, where you of course also change the names of the output files.
Then also do
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cat /proc/partitions >>/mountpoint/environment
ls -l /dev/sd*2 >>/mountpoint/environment
mdadm --examine /dev/sd[abcde]2 >>/mountpoint/environment
in case we ever get in doubt which were the actual device names at this moment.
@fvdw: you're welcome.